Group Media Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Video game console Essay Example for Free

Computer game comfort Essay A computer game is an electronic game that includes human communication with a UI to create visual criticism on a video gadget. The word video in computer game generally alluded to cathode beam tube (CRT) show gadget, however it currently suggests any kind of show gadget that can deliver a few dimensional pictures. The electronic frameworks used to play computer games are known as stages; instances of these are PCs and computer game consoles . These stages extend from huge centralized computer PCs to little handheld gadgets. Particular computer games, for example, arcade games, while beforehand normal, have progressively declined being used. The information gadget used to control computer games is known as a game controller, and differs across stages. For instance, a controller may comprise of just a catch and a joystick, while another may highlight twelve catches and at least one joysticks. Early PC games frequently required a console for game play, or all the more ordinarily, required the client to purchase a different joystick with in any event one catch. Numerous advanced PC games permit or require the player to utilize a console and a mouse all the while. A couple of the most widely recognized game controllers are gamepads, mouse, consoles, and joysticks. Computer games commonly utilize extra methods for giving intelligence and data to the player. Sound is practically widespread, utilizing sound proliferation gadgets, for example, speakers and earphones. Other criticism may come by means of haptic peripherals, for example, vibration or power input, with vibration now and again used to reproduce power input. The current time is the period of present day correspondence innovation is a vital piece of youth lives in the twenty first century. The universe of electronic media anyway is evolving drastically; most by far of youth approach various media. Most have web and computer game access and a critical bit have cellphones and iPads. Computer games have been a significant piece of our way of life (Sherry 2001). The term Video game in the communicate conceivable sense is a type of PC based amusement. Youth play computer games for the sake of entertainment with the objective of advancing to the following Level (stage in messing around) and in the long run overcoming the adversary whether that’s another player or the PC. What’s more the social viewpoint sharing strategies encounters and clarification enables concrete what they to have realized. Open door for gaming are all over the place and youngsters are playing computer games much of the time. Instructive computer games, handheld gadget and media creation apparatuses can permit youthful understudies to perceive how complex language and different images frameworks appended to the world. From the main stone arrow points to globe spreading over correspondence arrange, human have endeavored to utilize innovation in improving length and personal satisfaction. Computer games are advanced diversion media that use both sound and visual channels to catch the crowd consideration and colossal the in the engineers vision. Much of the time, this includes placing the player in the job of the symbol that collaborates with the in game cases. Generally the player is the star of an intuitive film he sees his symbols activity depicted on screen for his amusement. It coherently follows that the feel for computer game ought to accomplish comparative principles to that of a film, the nature of both visuals and sound ought to be high. As per Anderson, Buckley and Gentile 2007; Anderson and Bushman 2001: Anderson Carnagey, Flangnan, Benjamin Eubanks and Valentine 2004; Anderson Dill 2000, Experimental and longitudinal and meta-investigative information demonstrate that playing rough computer games increment animosity antagonistic vibe and forceful musings. As per Hannon, 2007 Epstein, Beeches, Graf and Roemmich 2007. Games with positive substance show constructive outcome. For Example, playing a moving Video Game can assist youngsters with getting in shape Konami Dance Revolution 2007. Today, advanced computer games expect players to give consistent consideration to the game as opposed to inactively viewing a film. This has both positive and negative effect on the player. 1. 2STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM It’s worth contemplating computer game propensities. The quickly developing nature of computer game illustrations, viciousness, and authenticity alerts against any authoritative proclamation about the effect of computer games on social conduct. As per an article by Sheri Rauh (2006), â€Å"Video Game Addiction No Fun† habit was characterized by Dr.Michael Brody as, â€Å"The individual needs increasingly more of a substance or conduct to prop him up. In the event that the individual doesn't get a greater amount of the substance or conduct, he gets bad tempered and hopeless. † According to the Report of the Council on Science and Public Health on the subject of Emotional and Behavioral Effects, Including Addictive Potential, of Video Games, (2007) the board of trustees expressed that they had occupied with an intensive investigation of how computer games were influencing lives yet had inadequate proof that playing computer games for over two hours out of each day could be viewed as a compulsion. Nonetheless, they recommended that two hours of screen time, TV, computer games and PCs was the most extreme measure of time that anybody ought to have each day. In Samaru, because of the foundation of many game places, numerous adolescent that these days view opportunity as too soon to laze around. Here and there some of them sneak through fixed blockages to video focuses to fulfill their hankering which at the since a long time ago run help them in wrecking them from the way of profound quality. It doesn't just establish interruption yet loss of other priceless resources like time, cash and local rebellion. Hence study gets essential in other to comprehend what these adolescent delight from by investing such a great amount of energy in game focuses messing around. 1. 3RESEARCH QUESTIONS The examination will look for answers to the accompanying inquiries: 1. Does ordinary playing of the game teachesteach you how to play the game in all actuality? 2. What are the delights gotten from playing the game? 3. For what reason do youth incline toward playing soccer play station to different games accessible to them? 4. Does customary playing of the game occupy them away from other squeezing obligations? 1. 4RESEARCH OBJECTIVES. The point of the investigation is fundamentally to accommodate an experimental base for understanding what satisfaction do youth get from steady playing of computer games. In that capacity, the particular targets of the examination are as per the following: 1. To know the delight youth get from playing computer games. 2. To know whether playing soccer play station shows youth how to play football, all things considered, 3. To know the motivation behind why they favor play station soccer to other accessible game. 4. To know whether the game stray them from their obligations. 1. 5SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY. This exploration work will be of noteworthiness in light of the fact that it will recognize what the young in Samaru satisfy from playing computer games explicitly soccer play station and what effect does playing it have on them. The examination will have the option to show what intension they have when bundling the substance and to tell us the administrative body controlling computer game substance. At long last the exploration work will include the scholastic information. 1. 6SCOPE Video game has been and will keep on being a profoundly well known type of diversion for the last 30years. They urge player to turn out to be a piece of the games, sport games like soccer, wrestling engine and bicycle dashing and so forth. These games reassures have various models e. g Play Station 1, Play Station 2, Play Station 3 and the recently xBox. Along these lines this examination will concentrate on the utilization and delight of computer games explicitly soccer play station as respects to the delight they infer longing for corruption and how the use has increment socialization among young people in Samaru. 1. 7LIMITATION The exploration will have a lot of constraint which will be made know toward the finish of the examination work. 1. 8JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY The examination is vital or hazardous in light of the fact that it is significant for the network and the young everywhere to know the impact of computer games on their ward and to realize how far they can observe the set down principles given by the gaming administrative bodies on the kind of game that their ward can be presented to. 1. 9DEFINITION OF TERMS Video Game: The term computer game commonly alludes to intuitive amusement programs that are anticipated onto TV type screens, either by coin-worked arcade games or devoted game-playing PCs called computer game consoles. Electronic Games: Electronic Games, intelligent equipment or programming played for diversion, challenge, or instructive purposes. Feelings: Signifies a response including certain physiological changes, for example, a quickened or impeded heartbeat rate, the reduced or expanded exercises of specific organs, or an adjustment in internal heat level, which invigorate the individual, or some segment some portion of their body, to advance action. Satisfaction: The most elevated phase of Satisfaction, satisfaction, guilty pleasure, happiness, joy, amuse REFERENCE Asika (2002) Research Methodology in Behavioral Science. Ikeja Logoji Longman Nig Plc. American Medical Association. (2007). Report of the Council on Science and Public Health. (CSAPH Report 12-A-07). Recovered from www. ama-assn. organization/ama1/bar/transfer/mm/467/csaph12a07. doc Rauh, S. (2006). Computer game Addiction No Fun. Recovered from http://www. webmd. com/emotional well-being/highlights/computer game habit no-fun Bushman, B. Anderson, C. (2002) Violent Video Games and Hostile Expectations: Test of the General Aggression Model. Character and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1979-1986. Braun C. what's more, Giroux, J. (1989), Arcade computer games: Proxemic, Cognitive and content Analysis, Journal of Leisure Research, 21 92. Dill, K. E. , Dill, J. C. Computer game brutality: an audit of the exact writing Aggressive and Violent Behavior, 3. 407 428 Microsoft  ® Encarta  ® 2009.  © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights hold

Why Should You Buy Pre-Written Research Papers?

Why Should You Buy Pre-Written Research Papers?Are you tired of spending a lot of money buying pre-written research papers? Do you wonder if you can get your money's worth when you buy them? If so, then you should consider these three reasons why you should buy them.The first reason is that you may not have enough time to write the research papers yourself. Many times, the pre-written research papers include quite a bit of information that will require extensive research. If you buy the research paper that you want on the internet, you will have it completed in no time at all. However, if you buy one on paper, you may have to spend quite a bit of time researching it to find exactly what you need to write it.Another reason is that you may not have enough time to sit down and make the research yourself. If you buy a pre-written research paper, it will be completely preform by the author. You will have a preform working for you that can be modified as needed, as long as you have the com puter and the internet. If you don't, you can simply click on a button and copy the information that you need. You won't have to do any type of research or make any changes.If you buy pre-written research papers, you can spend your time working on other things. This is great if you are doing some business related research. You will have the research papers completed for you and can spend your time concentrating on marketing your business. The pre-written research papers that you purchase will be ready and waiting to be copied as needed. This can help you be much more productive in the end.By purchasing the pre-written research papers that you want, you will be able to complete research quickly and efficiently. Most of the pre-written research papers that you purchase can be finished in only a couple of hours. If you buy several different research papers, you will be able to complete many of them in a day or two.By purchasing the written research papers, you will be able to create a dissertation very quickly. Most are written research papers that you buy will allow you to write the research paper over again. This means that you will never run out of ideas for your dissertation and you will always have enough information to use.You will also be able to use the information that you purchase for other things. If you purchase a pre-written research paper, you will be able to use it in several different areas of your life. You can use it in your business and in your personal life and in the classroom, as well.To get the most out of your research papers, you should try to purchase them from an online company. You can buy pre-written research papers from numerous companies that sell them and you will be able to get your money's worth. Your time is valuable and you shouldn't use it doing something that is pointless.

Allusions to the Brave New World Essays - 1308 Words

Allusions to the Brave New World 1. Ford Henry Ford (1863-1947) revolutionized the automobile industry with the assembly line method of production, which proved very successful for 15 million Model Ts were sold. Humans were similarly produced in the Brave New World where the embryos passed along a conveyor belt while a worker or machine would have a specific task dealing with the specimen. Again, this assembly line method proved very successful. 2. Lenina Vladmir Lenin (1870-1924) founded the communist party in Russia and the world’s first communist dictatorship. He believed in Karl Marx’s theories that government is affected by underlying economic forces. Lenin’s dictatorship resembles that of Mustapha Mond for both of them†¦show more content†¦When Lenin lived, he was the second most powerful man in the nation. He lost leadership to Stalin and was murdered by Stalin’s men in Mexico. Just like the world controllers in the Brave New World, Trotsky believed that everyone must fulfill their duty toward the nation so the nation could prosper. In the BNW, the society would not function if the citizens didn’t do their roles. 8. Darwin Charles Darwin (1809-1882) was a British naturalist who became famous for his theories in evolution. He believed all species evolved form a common ancestor and that evolution happened through a process called natural selection, which meant survival of the fittest. In the BNW, the different castes of people were made from a common ancestor (a single individual). Thus, creating hundreds of his or her clones. Since the directors believed in survival of the fittest, they made the best kind of people so that they may live long in a specific environment. 9. Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) crowned himself emperor of France. He was a greatest military genius of his time and perhaps the general in history. Napoleon was an excellent administrator and introduced several reforms, which created a strong central government. In the BNW, a small powerful centralized government was established with many rules and laws all controlled under an elite individual. 10. Helmholtz Herman Ludwig Ferdinand Von Helmholtz (1821-1894) was German physicist who helped establish the law of theShow MoreRelatedAllusions in Brave New World1665 Words   |  7 PagesNot only did he change how automobiles were manufactured, he changed the way people thought about technology. He made new technologies readily accessible and set the standard for the 20th century. In Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, Huxley makes Ford the center-point for why the new society was created, the old one was un-happy and inefficient. Replacing God with Ford, Brave New World, showcases how Ford’s ideas could have been implemented. 2. Vladimir Lenin was the first person to make a countryRead MoreEssay on Brave New World-Allusions1337 Words   |  6 PagesAllusions to the Brave New World 1. Ford Henry Ford (1863-1947) revolutionized the automobile industry with the assembly line method of production, which proved very successful for 15 million Model Ts were sold. Humans were similarly produced in the Brave New World where the embryos passed along a conveyor belt while a worker or machine would have a specific task dealing with the specimen. Again, this assembly line method proved very successful. 2. Lenina Vladmir Lenin (1870-1924) foundedRead MoreAllusion, And Logos In Aldous Huxleys Brave New World762 Words   |  4 Pagesthe novel, Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, Huxley includes allusion, ethos, and pathos to mock the wrongdoings of the people which causes physical and mental destruction in the society as a whole. The things that happened in the 1930’s plays a big contribution to the things that go on in the novel. The real world can never be looked at as a perfect place because that isnt possible. In this novel, Huxley informs us on how real life situations look in his eyes in a nonfictional world filled withRead More Free Brave New World Essays: Huxley and Shakespeare540 Words   |  3 Pages In Aldous Huxleys â€Å"Brave New World, allusions to William Shakespeare and his works emphasize the contrast between the Brave New World and the world in Shakespeares time and even the current time period. Enhancing the works meaning, the allusions and characters reactions to the allusions reveal the positive and negative aspects of our society today. The main characters in Brave New World, Lenina Crowne, Henry Foster, and Bernard Marx, live in a futuristic world where babies are massRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Brave New World925 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the novel, Brave New World, the author, Aldous Huxley strategically incorporates various Shakespearean allusions into his story. The most distinguished allusion throughout the entirety of the novel is to a quote from The Tempest, a play about a sorcerer and his daughter that live together on a remote island. The quote from The Tempest, in which Brave New World derives its name, â€Å"O, wonder!/How many goodly creatures are there here!/How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world,/That has such peopleRead MoreBrave New World Exploration And Extension1347 Words   |  6 PagesDanielle Newman Camille Hensley Coach Hansen British Literature August 7, 2015 Brave New World Exploration and Extension Aldous Huxley was born in Surrey, England on July 26, 1894. He came from a family already intertwined with a love of writing and philosophy. His grandfather was already credited with introducing Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution to the public. Huxley’s mother was the niece of Matthew Arnold, a poet who focused on commonly debated moral themes in his works. Needless to sayRead More`` Death Of Discourse `` By Ronald K. L. Collins And David M. Skover759 Words   |  4 Pagesgain clarity on how the media is warping american society; to show americans just exactly how the first amendment is misused. Collins and Skover starts the piece by defining discourse and relating it back to the works of Aristotle, a greater allusion to the systems of communications in the past, as well as they describe America’s current interpretation of discourse through it’s personal interpretation of free speech. The authors state, â€Å"To communicate with uninhibited liberty, to talk in theRead More72F. Mr. Fredrick. Advanced English 9 - 7. February 8,999 Words   |  4 Pageslife of Aldous Huxley, he portrayed many of his problems in Brave New World. Huxley wrote a work that not only made the reader look upon Huxley’s time, but also make them look at their own and make a connection to see if the reader had similar problems still occurring. Literary devices such as characterization and allusions were used by Huxley to give the reader an idea of what was occurring in Huxley’s lifetime. Throughout Brave New World Huxley expressed three main problems: religion, the roleR ead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World 1250 Words   |  5 PagesAldous Huxley published a Brave New World in 1932 in which he depicts a society in which babies are born in bottles, the concept of an individual cell does not matter as people do not believe in intimacy, science is used as a form of control, subjugation and conditioning, and drugs as well as sex are forms of escaping the horrors of reality. Or as Laurence Brander (1970) put it, â€Å"Affection and loyalty are unnecessary, beauty is a synthetic product, truth is arranged in a test tube, hope is suppliedRead MoreBrave New World Discussion Questions1321 Words   |  6 PagesBrave New World Discussion Questions Question 1: Each novel immerses us, instantly, into a world that simultaneously is foreign and familiar. Establish the characteristics of the society that the author creates and analyze the intricacies (complexities) of the society being presented. In what ways is it like and unlike our own society? In Aldous Huxley’s science fiction novel Brave New World, a distinct society is illustrated. The author depicts a civilization that is specifically based on several

Case Study on Engstrom - 636 Words

Discussion: 14746 Re: Case Memo #1: Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant Issues: Though the Scanlon plan was effective when it was implemented, there are now several potential issues existing in Engstrom. The employees are no longer seeing the benefits of the incentive plan that originally showed them bounty. They do not trust the system of bonuses, or the methods by which they are calculated, and by extension are beginning to distrust management entirely. They are starting to observe a lack of fairness in payment, valuing relative over concrete compensation. Ultimately, employees as a whole are beginning to be more individually minded as opposed to having a group mentality. This is the main cause of Engstrom’s problems. The Scanlon plan is†¦show more content†¦In the meantime, enacting come group bonding retreats and meetings is encouraged, in order to lessen the negative effect of losing a company-wide group mentality which the Scanlon plan hasShow MoreRelatedCase Study: Engstrom1274 Words   |  6 PagesEngstrom Auto Mirror Plant: Refl ection on Motivation Many companies have endured both good times and bad. It is the process or measures taken, in which decide whether these companies succeed or submit to failure. In â€Å"Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant: Motivating in Good Times and Bad† Michael Beer and Elizabeth Collins prepare the detailed the case in which this company must face such a dilemma. The company itself is facing an issue of motivation in correlation to incentive standards, as well as organizationalRead MoreEngstrom Auto Mirror Case Study1077 Words   |  5 PagesEngstrom Auto Mirror, a successful privately owned plant since 1948 in Richmond, Indiana, reached one of their biggest productivity setbacks in May 2007. In their near 60 years of business this was the company’s second cross with unprofitability since the 90’s, when technology was surfacing and causing tension between the company and their customers. The manager at the time was unable to adjust, deciding to resign in 1998. Nearing the end of the 90’s, Ron Bent was hired as plant manager. LeadingRead MoreCase Study : Manufacturing Plant Named Engstrom Auto Mirror751 Words   |  4 PagesThe purpose of this assignment is the analysis of a case study for a manufacturing plant named Engstrom Auto Mirror located in Richmond IN. The company has been in business since 1948, during most of its existence the business ran well and they were successful but by the 1990’s they started a downward spiral toward being unprofitable. In the early 2000’s for a period of seven years their sales had quadrupled but in 2006 there was a downturn in the auto industry which led to cuts having to be madeRead MoreEngstrom Auto Mirror Plant and Work Analysis Case Study Essay3074 Words   |  13 PagesKayla Gunby November 29th, 2015 Southern New Hampshire University Final Project Submission Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant and Work Analysis Case Study Abstract During May 2007, the Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant faces a low employee morale issue. The newly appointed manager, Ron Bent, sees a decline in work place productivity and culture throughout his recent years of working at the plant. When Bent joined the company, it was facing a similar issue of low morale. He then decided to introduce theRead MoreEngstrom Auto Case1403 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Introduction The Engstrom Auto Mirror plant employs over 200 people at its Indiana location. Since 1999, workers at the plant have received bonuses based on the Scanlon Bonus Plan, which paid a percentage of all labor savings each month. Workers were motivated by the bonuses to increase their productivity, thus saving the plant from its unprofitable state during the 1990s. However, in 2007, the plant once again faced issues of unproductivity and low profits. The plant manager, Ron Bent, hadRead MoreEngstrom Auto Mirror Plant : Motivating942 Words   |  4 PagesThe intent of this milestone is to analyze the case study entitled â€Å"Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant: Motivating in Good Times and Bad†. Throughout the case study numerous known organizational issues were presented. Human behavior theories are connected with reasonably information to explain the numerous root causes related to the issues from a human conduct point of view. By investigating these causes I will acknowledge the br eakdown with tenacious research proof. I went into depth with my examinationRead MoreRoot Cause Case Study Analysis Essay911 Words   |  4 PagesII. Root Cause Case Study Analysis Identify root causes of known organizational issues from a human behavior perspective. Engstrom has several major organizational issues that have contributed to low productivity and lack of motivation. The events that commenced Engstrom’s organizational issues stem from the failure of the Scanlon Bonus Plan (Beer, 2008). The system was created so that employees became motivated to exceed the standard. Additionally, several aspects that contributed to a healthyRead MoreEngstrom Auto Mirror Plant : Motivating1192 Words   |  5 PagesEngstrom Auto Mirror Plant: Motivating in Good Times and Bad Root-Cause Analysis Southern New Hampshire University Emeka Ekezie Abstract Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant is facing an internal crisis which primarily is a motivational problem. Ron Bent, the manager, and Joe Haley the assistant has seen workplace culture and productivity decline over the years. Ron joined the company when it was going through a similar issue in the past. He came and implemented an employee incentive programRead MoreAnalysis Of Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant Essay1278 Words   |  6 Pagesrelated issues (Lorenzi and Riley, 2003). As a rule the hidden reason for these issues inside the association is absence of open stream of data or notwithstanding utilizing incorrectly hierarchical structure. From the contextual investigation of Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant, there are a few authoritative issues that are clear and have come about into hierarchical clash. These issues present themselves nearly in all associations. It is accordingly imperative for the administration of any associationRead MoreThe Good Opportunity For Competent Managers Essay1412 Words   |  6 Pagessocial system revolves around how we as individuals interface with each other in different ways. An individual conduct within the social system can affect others directly or indirectly. The result can either be positive or negative, however, in any case; any shift in the system affects all other facets of the system. Managers need to understand how power bases impact workers since that impact motivation. The type of power and how it is utilized will determine how workers are motivated. Consolidated

Cyber Crime Law free essay sample

Cybercrime is a term used broadly to describe criminal activity in which computers or computer networks are a tool, a target, or a place of criminal activity. Additionally, although the term cybercrime is more properly restricted to describing criminal activity in which the computer or network is a necessary part of the crime, the term is also popularly used to include traditional crimes in which computers or networks are used to facilitate the illicit activity, or where a computer or network contains stored evidence of a traditional crime. There are different ways on how a cybercrime is committed. There are different types of cybercrime. Certain other information crimes, including trade secret theft and economic spying, are sometimes considered cybercrimes when computers or networks are involved. Summary: With the development of computers and the information age, our lives have changed in ways that were once considered unimaginable. Around the world, technical innovations are being created on a daily basis. We will write a custom essay sample on Cyber Crime Law or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Computers and Internet are now being introduced to some of the most remote parts of the world. I chose this topic because as our world connects more complicatedly than ever before, the more our privacy and security levels are being pushed. The more connected our world becomes, the easier it is to access private and copyrighted information, as well as become susceptible to computer crimes and technology misuse. But before we can understand why computer crimes are committed and technologies used improperly, it’s important for us to understand the origins of computer ethics and why it’s important for us to integrate ethics into our daily uses with computers and information technology. Bibliography: Moffitt, T. Technology Misuse and Cyber Crime. January 12, 2014, from https://sites. google. com/site/tommoffittportfolio/the-hre-online-experience/technology-misuse-and-cyber-crime Primer on Cybercrime. January 12, 2014, from http://www. upm. edu. ph/downloads/announcement/DOJ%20Primer%20on%20Cybercrime%20Law. pdfFor a broader discussion of the internet and human rights see Centre for Law and Democracy A Truly World Wide Web Assessing the Internet from the Perspective of Human Rights (Halifax: Centre for Law and Democracy,2012). Available http://www. law-democracy. org/live/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Phil. Cybercrime. final_. pdf Marvin Sy / Centre for Law and Democracy Centre for Law and Democracy Questions: 1. What is a cybercrime? 2. How is cybercrime different from a real world crime? 3. What are the types of cybercrime? 4. What are the global trends of cybercrime? 5. What is the trend of cybercrime in the Philippines? 6. What are the cybercrime-related laws in the Philippines? 7. What and when was the first recorded cybercrime in the Philippines? 8. When was a law penalizing computer crimes or cybercrimes passed? 9. In the Philippines, have we already convicted a cybercriminal? 10. What is the latest development in anti-cybercrime effort of the Philippine government? 11. Statement of the Problem: On 12 September 2012, Philippine President Benigno Simeon C. Aquino III signed into law Republic Act! No. 10175 (the Cybercrime Prevention Act). 1. Although the law’s stated purpose is to facilitate the prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of criminal acts online, and the law’s proponents claim that it effectively serves to extend the Philippines constitutional protections into the digital realm, 2. it has been criticised by journalists and civil society organisations who claim that it violates freedom of expression. In the days following its passage, fifteen separate petitions were filed in the High Court challenging fourteen of the law’s provisions. 3. As a result, the Supreme Court has suspended implementation of the Cybercrime Prevention Act or120 days, in order to allow the challenges to proceed. The emergence of the online world has created enormous opportunities, in terms of economic growth and due to the Internet’s expanding role as a vital delivery mechanism for human rights, particularly freedom of expression. 4 By the same token, it has given rise to a range of challenges from a legal and regulatory perspective. Governments seeking to regulate the Internet need to find an appropriate balance between addressing legitimate security and other legal concerns, and respecting freedom of expression online and safeguarding the qualities of The Internet that make it such a valuable medium. An overly heavy’s handed approach to online regulation can breach human rights and threaten the Internet’s usefulness and character, both domestically and internationally. This! Analysis considers the Cybercrime Prevention Act from the perspective of international guarantees of freedom of expression. It discusses the major areas where this law violates international human rights standards, and makes recommendations as to how to avoid these problems while still delivering the Desired benefits Significant of the Study: This part of the study discussing about the cybercrime law Philippines it will provide sample in discussing how to conduct a research study or a thesis. Students that will serve as a basis of reference for conducting research study.

The Significance of the Black Other Concept for Explaining the Experiences of the African Diaspora

The meaning of the concept of diaspora changes according to alternations in the people’s perception of the processes of migrations and diasporas’ development. The African diaspora is presented in many countries all over the world that is why it is impossible to focus on the general opinion on diaspora in order to explain the particular features of all those African diasporas which develop globally.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Significance of the ‘Black Other’ Concept for Explaining the Experiences of the African Diaspora specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, there is the concept which can be used to discuss the experiences of the African diaspora in spite of its location and the questions of geopolitics. It is the notion of the ‘otherness’ or ‘black other’. The black-other mentality is characteristic for the representatives of diaspora as well as th e understanding of the black ‘otherness’ is related to the representatives of the nations’ majority. Although the ‘black other’ concept can be operated in explaining the peculiarities of different African diasporas, the approaches to the discussion are various, and it is important to analyze the notion from the point of the African-American diaspora’s possible dominance, issues of gender and sexuality, from the perspective of understanding ‘otherness’ as something of the exotic nature, as the reason for oppression, and as the reason to accentuate differences between races and nations. There is the vision that the migration movements are based on a kind of longing. It is possible to determine several types of this longing, and the longing for belonging to the African-American diaspora can be discussed among the major desires of the African diaspora’s representatives. In her essay â€Å"Diaspora and Desire: Gendering â€Å" Black America† in Black Liverpool†, Jacqueline Brown correlates such notions as desire, gender, sexuality, and the role of the African-American diaspora in forming the black people’s perception of their ‘otherness’. Brown pays attention to the ideas of the black American iconography and ideologies as influential aspects for the development of the black people’s visions in Liverpool. Thus, â€Å"Black America became the object of diasporic longing, for it answered these and other problematics – however partially or contentiously† (Brown 83). It is important to note that the role of the African-American diaspora became even more significant than the role of the Africa as the desired homeland in affecting the black people’s opinions. Such perceptions can be connected with the general vision of America as the land of a dream for many people in spite of the historical context and slavery question. Nevertheless, Brown also discus ses the notions of longing and ‘otherness’ from the perspective of causes for the Africans’ migrations.Advertising Looking for essay on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Basing on the example of the African diaspora in Liverpool, Brown states that longing is â€Å"in the formation of the diasporas† (Brown 87). That is why people are inclined to migrate in their search for a dream, and then they have to adapt to the situation with references to their ‘otherness’. However, this ‘otherness’ can be also emphasized with references to the black woman’s comparing themselves with white women in Liverpool or with references to comparing their black men with the men in America as it is discussed by Brown in her work. In this case, the issues of gender and sexuality are also important for understanding the nature of the black people’s relations with the re presentatives of their race and with the members of the other ethnic groups. Nevertheless, the African diaspora is different in relation to the location. Thus, the African diaspora in the USA or England is not the same as it is in Canada, for instance. It is a rather controversial task to determine what aspect is more significant in developing this question: the particular features of the surroundings in different countries or the peculiarities of the migrants’ attitudes to these surroundings. In her essay â€Å"Mama, I’m Walking to Canada†: Black Geopolitics and Invisible Empires†, Naomi Pabst stresses that the African diaspora is a â€Å"contested category that has been defined in myriad ways running the gamut from Afrocentric to Pan-African to postmodern in orientation†, and moreover, â€Å"it is rather a cartography that takes blackness to be a local and global phenomenon, influenced, indeed constituted, by long-standing interactions of dwellin g and movement† (Pabst 116). From this point, the question of geopolitics is significant to speak about the character of the African diasporas’ development in different countries. Pabst concentrates on the position of the Black Canadians, comparing their situation with the African-American diaspora. Thus, it is a problematic question to conclude about Canada as the place for the black people’s longing, or as the â€Å"prospective homeland†, or as the place where the black people are rather unsecure like in any other countries (Pabst 113). In spite of the fact there are a lot of opportunities for the successful development of the Canadian African diaspora, it is impossible not to pay attention to the point that Canada was the ‘invisible empire’, and the phenomenon of invisible racism does not contribute to discussing Canada as the best place for the African diaspora’s development. However, the situation in Canada is different, and the re presentatives of the Canadian African diaspora experience different problems associated with their ‘otherness’. Thus, â€Å"diversely motivated and varying forms of transnational border-crossing shape the cultural, political, and ideological parameters of blackness† (Pabst 129). This fact supports the idea that the particular features of geopolitics matter while discussing the African diaspora as the phenomenon.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Significance of the ‘Black Other’ Concept for Explaining the Experiences of the African Diaspora specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is also important to pay attention to such detail as the fact that Pabst’s vision of the African-American diaspora and the issues of gender of sexuality are similar to Brown’s position. Pabst states that â€Å"if black subjectivity is mitigated by ethnicity, gender, class, and sexuality, it is also mitigated by geopolitics†, and furthermore, â€Å"while blacks are dispersed transnationally, there is a certain centrality†¦of African American sign production to global black standards† (Pabst 117). That is why, the idea of the ‘black other’ significantly depends on the African-American patterns which can be discussed as chosen by the Africans to follow and on the concepts of gender and sexuality. The connection of the concepts of the ‘black other’ and sexuality are also discussed in detail in Jayne Ifekwunigwe’s essay. The author chooses the perspective which differs considerably from the mentioned approaches to discussing the issue. The focus on the migrations of the Nigerian women associated with providing the sexual services in Europe presents another vision of the black people’s ‘otherness’. Thus, the black sexuality is popular in Europe because it is perceived as exotic and unique. Moreover, the s ervices of the Nigerian women are cheaper than the same services provided by the European women. It is the border where the issues of racism, discrimination, sexuality, and ‘otherness’ can be discussed as connected. The representatives of the African diasporas in many countries were often oppressed, but the ways of oppression could be various. In her work, Ifekwunigwe concentrates on the sexual oppression as one more vision of the African diaspora’s development and state in Europe. In this case, the idea of pan-Africanism as solidarity of the Africans all over the world which is cultivated in the modern society can be perceived from the other point. Ifekwunigwe states that â€Å"beneath the pan-African imagined global networks, however, run fluid discursive structures that blur conventional and taken-for-granted classificatory practices with emergent nodes of cultural identity that we have yet to imagine† (Ifekwunigwe 206). That is why, the differences in ‘otherness’ of the members of various African diasporas is significant. The problem of the ‘black other’ can be also discussed with more accentuation on the notions of gender and sexuality. Ariana Hernandez-Reguant refers to the timba music and the associated role of men in the Afro-Cuban diaspora in order to provide the analysis not only of the racial hierarchies in the society but also of the gender differences and their role in developing the social interactions. The author argues that, â€Å"timba’s disidentificational stance is heavily male-centered. When it comes to the Afro-Cuban woman, timba offers no salvation† (Hernandez-Reguant 269). From this point, timba helps men to state their position in the society with references to the issue of sexuality as the significant aspect.Advertising Looking for essay on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, the Afro-Cubans’ vision of their identity and authenticity is based on the timba music which guarantees them the accentuation of identity as well as reduction of the negative meanings which can be connected with the concept. In this case, the notion of the ‘black other’ in relation to male Afro-Cubans is understood and explained with references to the timba music. Moreover, â€Å"timba emphasized Afro-Cuban heritage as central to national culture† (Hernandez-Reguant 251). Paying attention to Hernandez-Reguant’s discussion, it is possible to analyze the role of the diaspora’s members in the society with references to their cultural identity, their gender qualities, and sexuality (Hernandez-Reguant 250-251). Comparing Hernandez-Reguant’s discussion with the arguments of the previously mentioned authors, it is necessary to focus on the fact that in spite of operating notions of gender and sexuality actively, the question of the raci al politics is discussed in the essay more completely. Thus, the understanding of the ‘black other’ can be considered as central for explaining the experiences of the representatives of African diaspora. It is possible to concentrate on the black people’s ‘otherness’ with references to different aspects of geopolitics and diasporas’ location; it is possible to discuss the ‘black other’ concept among the means to understand the nature of racism and discrimination in the society; it is possible to use the notions of sexuality and gender in order to explain the particular features of the diaspora’s development. In spite of the fact Jacqueline Brown, Naomi Pabst, Jayne Ifekwunigwe, and Ariana Hernandez-Reguant examine the problem of the African diaspora using different approaches, the authors’ main ideas and arguments can be discussed as correlated. The authors’ opinions on the question are various, and the aspect s chosen for the discussion have few associations, but the ideas presented in the articles help create the complex vision of the issue. Works Cited Brown, Jacqueline. â€Å"Diaspora and Desire: Gendering â€Å"Black America† in Black Liverpool†. Globalization and Race: Transformations in the Cultural Production of Blackness. Ed. Kamari Clarke and Deborah Thomas. Durham: Duke University Press, 2006. 73-93. Print. Hernandez-Reguant, Ariana. â€Å"Havana’s Timba: A Mach Sound for Black Sex†. Globalization and Race: Transformations in the Cultural Production of Blackness. Ed. Kamari Clarke and Deborah Thomas. Durham: Duke University Press, 2006. 249-279. Print. Ifekwunigwe, Jayne. â€Å"Recasting â€Å"Black Venus† in the â€Å"New† African Diaspora†. Globalization and Race: Transformations in the Cultural Production of Blackness. Ed. Kamari Clarke and Deborah Thomas. Durham: Duke University Press, 2006. 206-236. Print. Pabst, Naomi. â₠¬Å"Mama, I’m Walking to Canada†: Black Geopolitics and Invisible Empires†. Globalization and Race: Transformations in the Cultural Production of Blackness. Ed. Kamari Clarke and Deborah Thomas. Durham: Duke University Press, 2006. 112-133. Print. This essay on The Significance of the ‘Black Other’ Concept for Explaining the Experiences of the African Diaspora was written and submitted by user Cayson Nolan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How far had the British Government abandoned the policy of laissez-faire by 1914 Essay Example

How far had the British Government abandoned the policy of laissez How far had the British Government abandoned the policy of laissez-faire by 1914 Essay How far had the British Government abandoned the policy of laissez-faire by 1914 Essay Essay Topic: Claim of Policy 100 years ago 3/4 of the population in Britain were merely working class, 1/3 were living in severe poverty. Life expectancy was short and infant mortality rates were absurd, in Scotland 13 out of every 100 babies would die before they reached the age of one. The government and many rich, prosperous people believed in Self help not State help, many possessed the saying of heaven helps those who help themselves. Overall, in their opinion it was up to the individuals to look after themselves. Many things contributed to the Government finally realising that Britain was at a stage where state intervention was greatly needed. The colossal divide in social classes in the 1800s to early 1900s resulting in many people falling in to great poverty highlighting the lack of efficiency in the Governments laissez-faire ideology. The findings of Booth and Rowntree lead to a national uproar at the high number of people in Britain living without a decent house and enough money to feed a family for a week. By the year 1914, the British Government had abandoned the policy of laissez-faire to a certain extent. David Lloyd George, or otherwise known as The Father of the Welfare State wanted to enforce state intervention to such an extent that it would provide the country with enough help to create a healthy Britain. His initial plan included a state funded National Health Service (NHS), state funded education, unemployment benefit and a state pension. He called this The Welfare State. So why did the British Government resort to abandoning the policy of laissez-faire? The Boer War of 1899-1902 proved the British National Efficiency to be extremely low. Over half of the applicants who seeked work in the army were rejected simply because they were not fit enough. Many people highlighted the fact that if there were no fit or healthy soldiers then there was no protection for Britain as a country or their colonies. Furthermore, if the British workforce were unhealthy then the trade and exports would decrease because of an insufficient output of goods. In January 1906, the Liberal party won 400 seats in the House of Commons, thereby a majority and gaining power. The Liberals strongly believed in state intervention and with Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman in power till 1908 and thereafter Herbert Henry Asquith, they passed various reforms between 1906-1914, which did in a way remove the old laissez-faire ideology. These liberal reforms targeted many areas of society, but in particular one group that was helped a great deal were the children. Between 1906-1914 the Government passed various policies that would help the growing concern in the deterioration of childrens health and education. In 1906 the School Meals Act was passed, this gave the local councils the opportunity to provide free school meals to children who were in need. However, parents able to afford to pay, were expected to do so. A lot of local authorities failed to undertake this idea, consequently in 1914 the government made the provision of school meals compulsory. In regards to their health, the government passed the 1907 Medical Inspection in Schools Act allowing childrens health to be monitored in school, the dejected reports sent in by doctors thus allowed the local authorities to set up clinics in school in 1912, allowing doctors to regularly check on the health of children. These reforms helped the government to help the people and progress gradually from laissez-faire. However, the cost at times was extortionate- it was easy enough to identify the illnesses but providing the medicine needed was costly. By 1908 various people had recognised that the major causes of poverty were low wages, unemployment or irregular earnings. Others recognised that there was a major damage to health through long working hours and the working conditions, and so after 1908 the government introduced various state intervention policies to help those who were employed to have improved standards and in 1908 the working day for a coal miner was cut to 8 hours, in certain sweated trades the trade board set up boards to control wages and working conditions. On the other boat, help was needed for the unemployed and so in 1911 the National Insurance Act was passed. This was the most radical reform of all and was a major break through in social reform. It worked in two parts; (i) the sickness insurance benefits, which entitled workers to 10s. per week for a period of up to 26 weeks for health reasons and medical treatment for free from a selected doctor. Money to provide this service to workers came from 4d a week from workers, 3d a week from employers and 2d a week from the state. So really the majority of money wasnt being provided by the state! ii) The unemployment benefits- a certain amount of weeks had to be worked before you could receive any benefits, again you could only claim for up to 26 weeks and those cyclical workers e. g. house builders were not covered because it was classed as seasonal work. At this stage the friendly societies, which provided help for the poor, were almost put out of business buy the N. I Acts. Although, these friendly societies did eventually recover to help those workers who were not covered by the governments national insurance policy. The Labour exchanges (or job centres) were also set up to encourage workers to look for work. And so, these acts passed to help the employed and unemployed were another sign of the British Government abandoning their laissez-faire policy and taking a step forward to state intervention. In 1908 the old age pension scheme was set up. This policy was yet again another policy that had been influenced by the ideas and findings of Charles Booth. He, alongside others had stressed the importance in the welfare of the elderly people of Britain for many years. When in 1908 the pensions were made available, they were only given to those over the age of 70 and to whom the government means testers felt were the most deserving. Although this scheme was most definitely state intervention and not laissez-faire it was certainly not generous. It cost the British Government i 8 million to provide for 668000 people, which helped to add to the budget crisis of 1909. it was not as successful as the other schemes introduced in other aspects of society as the budget was too low and the age limit too high in accordance to the lower life expectancy at that time. Hence, by gathering all of the policies and acts above, which targeted all areas and problems in British society at the time, the British Government had abandoned the policy of laissez-faire to a certain extent However, the introduction of a welfare state and state intervention, with the abandonment of laissez-faire has not occurred wholly. A welfare state did not fully exist yet and the system was still showing signs of laissez-faire. There were still various problems that did not allow laissez-faire to be fully abandoned. The liberal reforms did not create a full Welfare State, this was because of various reasons. To start with although the government was providing health insurance for sick workers, it still did not provide the country with a National Health Service. Secondly, the services provided to ill workers and unemployed workers did not cover their family and so left them without any benefit whatsoever. Furthermore, the pension scheme was insufficient and didnt target the majority of elderly people in urgent help. Finally, another major problem was that the unemployment did not cover the bulk of problems raised by those in need. The failure to fully abandon the laissez-faire ideology was also partly because of the mixture of opinions within the House of Commons and also the general public. Many people favoured the Liberal Reforms and the desertion of laissez-faire, for example the Labour Party, the working class and the middle class (who shared mixed views). However, there was also various opposition who were in favour, for obvious reasons of laissez-faire. This opposition was the Conservative Party and the upper class that didnt see a problem with laissez-faire as the problem of poverty and ill health did not really ever involve them, and if it did they could afford the doctors bills. The upper classes were also basically excluded from the liberal reforms because most of the policies introduced did not effect their lifestyle. To conclude, the British Government had only abandoned the laissez-faire policy by 1914 to a certain extent. By 1914, I feel that the Liberals had created a series of stepping-stones and foundations on which they could eventually build up a full welfare state. They had introduced various acts that brought state help along to the children, the elderly, the employed, the unemployed, the sick and the needy. However the state help provided by the British Government did not cover everyone in the country, people were excluded from the benefits (the prosperous) and therefore were still living by the old laissez-faire policy. The acts and policies introduced although bringing along various good points and benefits did come with a variety of problems that needed to be solved along with budget problems. And so, overall the British government still had various problems and issues to resolve before they could fully abandon the laissez-faire policy and take on Lloyd Georges long needed ideological policy of The Welfare State.

Biography of Lucky Luciano, American Gangster

Biography of Lucky Luciano, American Gangster Charles Lucky Luciano (born Salvatore Lucania; November 24, 1897–January 26, 1962) was instrumental in creating the American Mafia as we know it today. After graduating from the gritty street gangs of New York, Luciano went on to become a henchman for the American branch of the infamous Cosa Nostra. A criminal mastermind, it was Luciano who orchestrated the unification of warring mob factions, creating the first Organized Crime Commission. In addition to taking on the mantle of the first kingpin of the modern Genovese crime family, he and his mob associates launched the highly successful and lucrative National Crime Syndicate. Lucky Luciano Known For: Charles â€Å"Lucky† Luciano was the criminal mastermind whose influence in shaping the mafia earned him the title of â€Å"father of modern organized crime.†Born: November 24, 1897 in Lercara Friddi,  Sicily, ItalyParents: Rosalia Capporelli and Antonio LucaniaDied: January 26, 1962 in Naples,  Campania, ItalySpouse:  Igea LissoniCriminal Convictions: Pandering, drug traffickingPublished Work: The Last Testament of Lucky Luciano: The Mafia Story in His Own Words (as told to Martin A. Gosch  and  Richard Hammer)Notable Quote: â€Å"There’s no such thing as good money or bad money. There’s just money. Early Years Lucianos family immigrated to the United States in 1906. His criminal career began not long after. At the age of 10, he was charged with his first crime (shoplifting). Luciano launched his first racket in 1907, charging Jewish and Italian kids in his Lower East Side neighborhood anything from one or two pennies to as much as a dime for his protection to and from school. If they refused to pay, Luciano beat them up rather than protect them. One of the kids, Meyer Lansky, refused to ante up. After Luciano failed to pound Lansky to a pulp, the two became friends and joined forces in the protection scheme. They remained friends and close associates throughout most of their lives. At the age of 14, Luciano dropped out of school and started a $7 per week delivery job, but after winning more than $200 in a craps game, he realized there were faster and easier ways of earning money. His parents sent him to The Brooklyn Truant School in hopes of straightening him out but in 1916 after his release, Luciano took over as leader of the notorious Five Points Gang, where he became acquainted with future Mafia leaders Vito Genovese and Frank Costello. In the years leading up to World War I, Luciano expanded his criminal enterprises to include pimping and drug trafficking, and while the police named him as a suspect in several local murders, he was never indicted. The 1920s By 1920, Luciano had branched out into bootlegging and illegal gambling. With financing and an education in social skills from his mentor Arnold the Brain Rothstein, Luciano and his partners were grossing over $12 million a year from the sale of illicit alcohol by 1925. Luciano, Costello, and Genovese had the largest bootlegging operation in New York with a territory that extended as far as Philadephia. By the late 1920s, Luciano had become a chief aide in the largest crime family in the country, led by Giuseppe Joe the Boss Masseria. Initially recruited as a gunman, as time went on, Luciano came to despise the old Mafia (Cosa Nostra) traditions- and especially Masserias belief that non-Sicilians could not be trusted (which ironically, turned out to be true in Lucianos case). After being kidnapped and mugged, Luciano discovered Joe the Boss was behind the attack. A few months later, he decided to betray Masseria by covertly joining forces with the second largest mafia clan led by Salvatore Maranzano. The Castellammarese War began in 1928 and, over the next two years, several gangsters connected to Masseria and Maranzana were killed. Luciano, who was still working for both camps, led four men- including Bugsy Siegel- to a meeting he had arranged with Masseria. The four men sprayed his former boss with bullets, killing him. After the death of Masseria, Maranzano became the Boss of Bosses in New York but his ultimate goal was to become the leading boss in the United States. Maranzano appointed Lucky Luciano as his No. 2 man. The working relationship was short-lived, however. After learning of a plan by Maranzano to double-cross him and wipe out Al Capone in the bargain, Luciano decided to strike first, organizing a meeting at which Maranzano was killed. Lucky Luciano became The Boss of New York and, almost overnight, he began moving into more rackets and expanding their power. The 1930s The 1930s were prosperous times for Luciano, who was now able to break ethnic barriers formerly laid out by the old Mafia. He strengthened his outreach in areas of bootlegging, prostitution, gambling, loan-sharking, narcotics, and labor rackets. In 1936, Luciano was convicted on charges of compulsory prostitution (pandering) and drug trafficking. He was sentenced to 30-50 years but maintained control of the syndicate while behind bars. The 1940s In the early 1940s at the onset of Americas involvement in World War II, Luciano struck a deal with U.S. Office of Naval Intelligence. He offered to supply information to help protect the mob-run New York docks from Nazi saboteurs  in exchange for a move to a better prison and the possibility of early parole. Luciano was transferred to Great Meadow Correctional Facility from the Clinton Correctional Facility in Dannemora in upstate New York. He continued his collaboration, known as Operation Underworld, for the remaining years of the war. In 1946, Governor Thomas E. Dewey (who while serving as Special Prosecutor was responsible for Lucianos conviction) granted the mobster a commutation of sentence and had him deported to Italy, where he was able to resume control over the American syndicate. Luciano snuck into Cuba in October 1946, where he attended The Havana Conference, a meeting of the five major crime families hosted by Lansky who already had an established presence in Cuba. The cover for the meeting was an appearance by Frank Sinatra. During the week-long conference that focused on the heroin trade and gambling activities in Cuba, and also to decide the fate of Bugsy Siegel and his Las Vegas money pit, the Flamingo Hotel, Luciano met privately with Genovese, who suggested that Luciano take on a figurehead role as Boss of Bosses while allowing Genovese to control the day-to-day activities of the syndicate. Luciano declined, saying: There is no Boss of Bosses. I turned it down in front of everybody. If I ever change my mind, I will take the title. But it wont be up to you. Right now you work for me and I aint in the mood to retire. Dont you ever let me hear this again, or Ill lose my temper. When the U.S. government got wind of Lucianos presence in Cuba, it quickly moved to have him repatriated to Italy, where he remained for the rest of his life. While he continued to profit from mob-related activities, his power and influence waned. Death and Legacy As Luciano grew older, his long-time relationship with Lansky began to falter. Luciano felt he wasnt getting his fair share from the mob. Disgruntled, he arranged to have his memoirs written- not to bare his soul so much as to set the record straight as he saw it. He outlined his exploits to writer Richard Hammer and had also arranged to meet with producer Martin Gosch about a possible film version of the project. Word of his confessional (The Last Testament of Lucky Luciano: The Mafia Story in His Own Words, published posthumously) did not sit well with Lucianos former mob associates. In 1962, Luciano suffered a fatal heart attack in the Naples airport, where he talked about the movie with Gosch. There is some conjecture that Luciano did not die of natural causes and that his death may have been a hit in retribution for his turning canary. Lucianos body was sent back to the United States and buried at St. Johns Cemetery in New York City. It is believed that Luciano was one of the most powerful men in organized crime and to this day, his influence over the gangster activity can be felt in this country. He was the first person to challenge the old Mafia by breaking through ethnic barriers and creating a network of gangs that comprised the first national crime syndicate and continued to exert control organized crime long after his death. Sources Donati, William. Lucky Luciano: The Rise and Fall of a Mob Boss. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland Company, 2010.  Gosch, Martin A.; Hammer, Richard. 1974.  The Last Testament of Lucky Luciano: The Mafia Story in His Own Words. Little Brown and Company.Newark, Tim. Boardwalk Gangster: The Real Lucky Luciano. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2011.

Osteogenesis Imperfecta Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Osteogenesis Imperfecta - Research Paper Example The bigger amino acid network leads to the formation of steric obstruction that creates a swelling in the collagen structure which consequently affects the contact of molecules with one another as well as the nanomechanics of molecules. As a result of this reaction the body responds by dissolving the deformed structure of collagen because if the body does not do so, the interaction existing between the collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite particles that form the bone is changed making them weak and brittle. Another reason that is suggested for the occurrence of this disease is the state of stress at the collagen fibers; when the stress level changes at the points of mutation, where the bigger cut off pressures lead to rapid failing of fibrils even at medium level. There are a lot of reasons all related to the genes that lead to osteogenesis imperfecta. This disease is generally perceived as hereditary however this is not the case. There are eight different types of osteogenesis imperfe cta, most common being Type 1. ... Hearing impairment in infants Slight protuberance of the eyes Type II The quality as well as the quantity of collagen in this type is poor. Most patients suffering from this type of osteogenesis imperfecta die in the initial years of life due to respiratory breakdown or cerebral hemorrhage. The lungs are underdeveloped due to which the patients face respiratory problems. Deformation of bones and small physique Type II is further classified into type IIA, type IIB and type IIC. Type III The quantity if collagen is sufficient but it is not of the required quality. The deformity of bones is such that sometimes they break eve before birth. Possibility of respiratory problems Short physique, bending of the spinal cord and in some cases the shape of rib cage is spiral Joints are loosened The tone of muscles in the arms and legs is of poor quality Discoloration of sclera which turns it form normal white to blue Hearing problems in early ages of infancy Type IV The quantity of collagen is su fficient but quality is not up to the mark. This type is very much similar to Type I as far as the classification is concerned. The fracture of bones starts in the teenage years Rib cage is barrel shaped which leads to deformation of lungs consequently resulting in respiratory problems. The deformity of bone is mild to medium level. Hearing loss starts from a very early age. Type V This has the same clinical characteristics as that of type IV with interconnected appearance of bones being the basic distinguishing factor. Type VI It has the same clinical characteristics as that of type IV. This stage is distinguished by the fish like appearance of the bones. Type VII This type was discovered in the year 2005

Employee Law and Relation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Employee Law and Relation - Assignment Example This article analyses the basic requirement or what qualifies to bring a claim for unfair dismissals and reviews the recent judgments on termination of employment contract and leads to a broad understanding of what courts consider fair and unfair dismissals. The law explains employee as a person who is employed to provide services to a firm or company on the continuous basis in return of some compensation, who doesn't provide the same services as a part of the independent business. A contract of the employment consists of express terms and implied terms. Express terms explain the terms agreed between the employer and employee, which includes wages and anything, which is related to it. The express contracted terms may not be written one. The express terms may be found in pay slips, letters given to employees before or after he or she started working or in any letter the employee was asked to sign during the course of work. When a particular employment problem crops up it has to be ascertained that whether the employer is a worker. However, any document like, pay slips, the job advertisement any letter sent by the employer in possession of the employee itself will prove that he or she is a worker of that company. The employee must have 12 months continuous service, there are exceptions to this rule. Even if the employee has less than 12 months service he/she may bring a claim for unfair dismissal if he/she is dismissed for the reasons mention under unfair dismissal clauses. To bring a claim under unfair dismissal act the employee must have worked under a contract of service or employment and must have been dismissed in order to raise a claim. In constructive dismissal, the employee resigns, but claims that his employers conduct towards him was the reason to resign the job. If the employer disputes the dismissal, the onus of proving the dismissal lies with the employee, and then only the claim will continue to the next stage. If the employee qualifies under the unfair dismissals legislation he may bring the claim to The Rights Commissioner or Employment Appeals Tribunal.  Ã‚  

Ethics and Law in Dental Hygiene: Case Studies 16 and 17 Essay

Case 16 This case presents a very delicate situation that presents many legal and ethical questions. Do you tell your brother his partner has HIV? I would tell my brother, but the how and when, may vary based on circumstance. From a professional ethical standpoint, it would be unethical to disclose the patient’s HIV status without consent. It would violate the patient’s right to confidentiality, as it is the patient’s choice whom information may be shared with (Beemsterboer, 2010, p. 50). It could also be argued that it is a violation of the principle of nonmaleficence. By providing the patient’s HIV status to people unbound by HIPAA, you are putting the patient at risk of discrimination. This could cause mental anguish or psychological issues, therefore, in essence, inflicting harm on the patient. The most valued application of nonmaleficence is, â€Å"One ought to not inflict harm† (Beemsterboer, 2010, p. 42). This would outweigh the ethical argument th at you are also preventing harm to your brother, another less important application of nonmaleficence (Beemsterboer, 2010, p. 42). There is one professional ethical principle that I would argue was being applied. This being the principle of paternalism, stating that healthcare providers should do what they deem best for the patient according to their ability and judgment (Beemsterboer, 2010, p. 47). If the patient had a sexual encounter with the brother, and did not inform him of her HIV status, she may be arrested for reckless endangerment according to Pennsylvania law. A case where an HIV-positive person did not disclose their status to their sexual partner was brought before the Pennsylvania Superior Court. According to Pennsylvania law, â€Å"Disclosure of HIV status is a defense ag... ...w in Dental Hygiene (pp. 39-53). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania State Board of Dentistry. (2012, September). Section 4.1 Reason for Refusal, Revocation, or Suspension of License or Certificate. In The Dental Law Act of May 1, 1993, P.L. 216, No. 76 Cl. 63. Harrisburg, PA, USA: Pennsylvania Department of State. Hanson, J. R. (n.d.). Fraud or confusion? RDH Magazine, 19(4). Retrieved 3 15, 2014, from http://www.rdhmag.com/articles/print/volume-19/issue-4/feature/fraud-or-confusion.html Smith, A. (2013). How NOT to commit dental insurance fraud! Retrieved from Amy Smith Consulting LL.: http://www.amysmith.biz/tip-of-the-month/2013/6/25/how-not-to-commit-dental-insurance-fraud.html Violations of Public Policy. (2007). Retrieved from Wrongful Termination: http://www.wrongfultermination.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=66

Incarceration Essay

There has been a lot of discussion regarding the prison population in the United States but little efforts have been engaged in regard to the transformations observed in the composition of the jail population. The law enforcement agents are under obligation by the federal, state, and local authorities to arrest and confine individuals who are criminal suspects. It is the duty of our judicial system to imprison individuals who are crime convicts. The confinement that is imposed on individuals whether prior to or after conviction is what is referred to as incarceration. Any person irrespective of race, color, sex, and age is subject to incarceration at least in theory according to the constitution. Studies have however continued to show increasing imbalance in our penal institutions as more African Americans and Hispanics continue to account to a slightly larger percentage in comparison to the whites. This paper shall present an analysis of the structural inequality as observed in the judicial system within the United States. Structural Inequality: Structural inequality is something that is affecting virtually all societies around the world. This phenomenon however does not stem from the variations amongst individuals as generally thought, but it can be attributed to the meanings and values that individuals hold in regard to these variations. These values and meanings become systemized and thus the foundation of inequality in our society. The society becomes stratified based on differences between the individuals. This leads to a hierarchical society where prejudicial values and attitudes are developed which affects the views held by the different categories of individuals (Bartels-Ellis, 2010). The US is among the world’s most leading jailers with a rating of 750 imprisonments in every 100,000 individuals (Williams, 2009). The prison population is however disproportional with African Americans and the Hispanics and other minority groups accounting for a larger percentage compared to the majority whites. It is estimated that over 60% of the prison population is from the minority groups. The imbalance in the incarcerated population has been attributed to the war against drugs that has gained momentum in the recent past. This has had a toll on the minority groups though studies have continued to indicate that drug use is also a significant phenomenon amongst the whites. The judicial system has therefore been accused of racist discrimination when it comes to matters of fair and effective judgment (Williams, 2009). Racial Bias in the Judicial System: Racial inequalities have been observed when it comes to judicial matters in the United States. There are great variations in the incarceration of different racial groups that make up the population of the US (Martel, 2008). Studies have continued to reveal the unending trend of disparities in the criminal justice system as revealed by the United States Census Bureau in 2000. According to the Bureau, there is un-proportional representation in the incarceration within the US penal institutions which happens to favor the whites. As of the year 2000, out of close to 2 million adult prisoners, 63% were from the minority groups including the African Americans and Latinos. Such disparities are in contravention of the general population as it has been established that the minority groups account for only 25% of the general population (Human Rights Watch, 2002). Statistics: According to Families Against Mandatory Minimums (FAMM), in every twenty blacks aged over 18, one is likely to be in prison whereas for the whites, the imprisonment rate is put at one in every 180 individuals. The African Americans and the Hispanics comprise of about 2/3 of the prison population. As of the year 2001, African American males and Hispanic males had a higher chance of being imprisoned compared to the whites. The blacks had a 32. 2% chance; Hispanics 17. 2% chance; whereas the whites had a 6% chance. In the year 2003, African American prisoners accounted for a larger portion of those serving a term of more than one year at 44% of the prison population followed by the whites at 35% whereas the Hispanics accounted for the remaining 19% (Families Against Mandatory Minimums Foundation, 2010).

US Institutions in the Global Financial Crisis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3069 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? This essay discusses about the global financial crisis that struck United States. It will look at what measures did US government took to protect these financial institutions. Then it will analyze shareholder and stakeholder models of corporate social responsibility, then relate this theory with the situation. Next it will discuss whether US governments action could be justified from either or both of these models and it will talk about the short and long term consequences of government intervention. And in conclusion it will discuss whether actions taken by US government is best for society or not. The global financial crisis all started back in 1977, when Community Reinvestment Act was passed by 95th US Congress and signed into law by president Jimmy Carter (Busy Times, 2008). It was designed to encourage commercial banks to meet the needs of borrowers in all segments of the communities, including low-income neighborhoods (Busy Times, 2008) Then initially led by very low interest rate regime during Alan Greenspans era, 2000 2006, it allows homebuyers to take up mortgage with low interest as it allow financial institution to generate income growth, and one of it is subprime lending, practice of making loans to borrower who do not qualify for market interest rates of traditional housing mortgages cause it had problems with their credit history or the credibility to prove they had enough income to support the loan payment (Busy Times, 2008). Through this, borrowers with bad credit history were able to get a mortgage loan, even borrowers with no income, job and ability to repay; consequently it decreases the lending standards, as shown below (Busy Times, 2008). With this situation, 2nd tier institutions were lending money to homeowners, and then securitize the assets and sell it to major US financial institutions including many investment banks, and those investment banks sold it to investors (Busy Times, 2008). This cycle allow bank to earn extra income for the sale, consequently this let to a sharp rise in household debt, graph 1 (Busy Times, 2008). At first it was not a problem cause house price kept growing for years, graph 2, thus borrower could not repay the loan, bank could always foreclose mortgage and sell the collateral (the house) at a higher price (Busy Times, 2008). - Graph 1 Household Debts (APRA, 2008) Graph 2 House Price (APRA, 2008) - But as housing affordability fell, housing prices rose more than disposable income, this meant people were not up to meet the test of subprime, therefore banks income would fall due to lower volume of loans, but there were unrealistic expectations of asset growth in housing (Busy Times, 2008). Housing prices starts to fall, and more and more people defaulted, so now there are more houses in the market than buyers, which causes housing prices to fall even further (Busy Times, 2008), which mark the start of the global financial crisis. Global Financial Crisis initially started in United States, and United States being a super power country, brings a huge impact to the rest of the financial world. Trying to fix this, United States government responded by providing some solutions, one of it is Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP). The Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) set up under the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act, 2008 (Ghosh, S. Mohamed, S., 2010), authorized the US Treasury Secretary a total of $700 billion to establish TARP (Ghosh, S. Mohamed, S., 2010). TARP provides wide raging powers to US Treasury secretary to purchase, manage and sell troubled assets held by financial institutions, and to sell or enter into securities, loans, repurchase transaction or other financial transactions with respect to any troubled asset purchased under the Act (Ghosh, S. Mohamed, S., 2010),. Under TARP, bank, thrifts, credit unions, broker dealers and insurance companies are deemed as financial institutions, but central bank or i nstitution that is owned by foreign government is not deemed as financial institution (Ghosh, S. Mohamed, S., 2010),. And as for troubled assets, it include residential, commercial mortgages, securities, obligations and other instruments based on related to such mortgages, in each case originated or issued on or prior to March 14, 2008 as defined by the Act (Ghosh, S. Mohamed, S., 2010). TARP was originally intended to be a lending programme and one that would increase liquidity by encouraging the flow of credit between the banks and from banks to customers (US treasury, 2008a). The idea was to enable federal government to obtain up to US$700 billion of illiquid mortgage backed securities (MBS) and assets backed securities (ABS) and thereby lubricate secondary mortgage markets (US Treasury, 2008a). TARP was also design to minimize losses of financial institutions owing the toxic assets and thereby, inducing credit growth (Ghosh, S. Mohamed, S., 2010), Economic Stabilization Ac t, 2008, states the objective of TARP, is to provide stability to US financial system, preventing disruption in economy at large and financial system and protect US taxpayer (Ghosh, S. Mohamed, S., 2010), The Act also offers setting up of Troubled Assets Insurance Financing Fund (TAIFF), the purpose is providing financial institutions the chance to purchase insurance from government to guarantee their troubled assets (Ghosh, S. Mohamed, S., 2010). But conversely, in about five weeks, Treasury was suppose to buy those toxic assets off the balance sheets of the bank and financial institutions, but instead the Treasury bought non voting preferred stock from banks and institutions through investing TARP funds in them (US Treasury, 2008d). Cause of that, TARP has failed to ensure liquidity, repair confidence, build trusts in the banking system, redress the issues of encouraging lending to homeowners, counter massive foreclosures and contraction in housing market and stop house prices from spiraling downwards (Congress Oversight Panel Report, 2009c; Barr, 2008; McIntyre, 2009). The first tranche of $250 billion TARP money was used to pump in $167 billion in 87 banks in exchange for preferred stock and warrants (US Treasury, 2008e). Next it went to AIG, about $40 billion (US Treasury, 2008f), then to Citibank, about $45 billion in exchange for preferred stocks and warrants (Ericson et al., 2009). As in Wall Street Journal, it discuss that U.S. government made a bail out as of American International Group Inc. (AIG) as it injects $85 billion to the firm, this show the intensity of its concerns about the danger of AIG collapsing to the financial system (Kartnitschnig, M. et a, 2008). The decision was difficult one, as federal government had been strongly resisting overtures from AIG for an emergency loan or intervention that would prevent the insurer from falling into bankruptcy (Kartnitschnig, M. et a, 2008). Cause just a week before, government decided not to intervene to help Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc, as a result it went bankruptcy, but this time government decided AIG was truly too big to fail (Kartnitschnig, M. et a, 2008). U.S. government also took over mortgage lending giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac as the teetered near collapse, another Wall Street giants, Merrill Lynch Co agreed to self it self to the Bank of America Corp (Kartnitschnig, M. et a, 2008). In the end, U.S. negotiators negotiate a proposal that could help both sides, which the Federal will lend $85 billion to AIG and in return U.S. government would be entitled to 79.9% equity stakes in form of warrants (equity participation notes) and the two year loan will have Libor (London interbank offered rate) + 8.5% interest rate (Kartnitschnig, M. et a, 2008). Shareholder theory suggest that business are just arrangements by which shareholders advance capital to managers to be utilized for specified ends and for receive an ownership interest in the venture (Beauchamp et al, 2009,p.66). In this perspective, managers perform as agent for shareholders, though bound by agency relationship to do so exclusively for the purposes of their shareholder principle (Beauchamp et al, 2009, p.66). This fiduciary relationship implies that managers does not have the obligation to expand business resources in ways that are not authorized by shareholders, despite presence of societal benefits from doing so (Beauchamp et al, 2009, p.66). However, both shareholders and managers are free to use their private funds for charitable or socially beneficial project, but when performing as officers of the business, managers have the duty not to divert business resources away from the intention of the shareholders, and managers, him or herself are obligated to follow legal directions of the shareholders and are required to maximize shareholder financial returns (Beauchamp et al, 2009, p.66). Nevertheless, it does not state that managers to ignore ethical constrai nts in pursuit of profits, rather it make certain managers are compelled to pursue profits by all legal and non deceptive means (Beauchamp et al, 2009,p.66) Adam Smiths invisible hand argument state the market is efficient if everyone is allowed to pursue Conversely, shareholder theory has been looked from two different perspectives, which are consequentialist and deontological. Consequentialist, argue that businesses or businesspersons does not have any social responsibilities, other than to legally and honestly maximize profits of the firms (Beauchamp et al, 2009,p.67). Deontological side; argue that based on observation, shareholders transfer their funds to business managers on the provision, those funds are used on their wishes (Beauchamp et al, 2009,p.67). If managers accepted those funds on that specific circumstance, they are not allowed to spend it to accomplish social goals, other than authorized by shareholders, and if they did without authorization, they would be viola ting their agreement and spending other peoples money without their concern (Beauchamp et al, 2009,p.67). Stakeholder theory, a theory of organizational management and business ethics that addresses morals and values in managing an organization (Philip et al, 2003), as in the definition above, the theory itself is divided into two parts, organizational management and business ethics. The organizational management side is known as Empirical theory of management and the business ethics as Normative theory of business ethics. As in this essay, it will focus on the Normative theory of business ethics. Empirical theory of management just discuss about effective managements are required for balancing consideration of and attention to the legitimate interest of all stakeholders, anyone who has stake on firm (Beauchamp et al, 2009,p.69). Normative theory in the other hand, argue, regardless whether stakeholder management leads to improved financial performance, managers should manage the business for the benefit of all stakeholders (Beauchamp et al, 2009,p.69). It views firms not as a mechanism for increasing stockholders returns, rather as a vehicle managing stakeholder interests and sees management as having a fiduciary relationship not just to stockholders, but all stakeholders (Beauchamp et al, 2009,p.69). As a result, it guides management to give equal interest to all stakeholder (Beauchamp et al, 2009,p.70), therefore in this normative form, stakeholder theory imply business have true social responsibilities (Beauchamp et al, 2009,p.70) But normative theory and empirical theory agree on one thing, the best way to enhance the stakeholders return on their investment is to pay attention to the legitimate interests of all stakeholders (Beauchamp et al, 2009,p.69). Stakeholder theory holds that managements fundamental obligation is not to maximize the firms financial success, but to ensure its survival by balancing the conflicting claims of multiple stake holders (Beauchamp et al, 2009,p.69). Meeting this obligation, act accordance to two of stakeholder management must be done, which are, principal of corporate legitimacy and stakeholder fiduciary duty. Principle of corporate legitimacy, the corporation should be managed for the benefit of its stakeholders: its customers, suppliers, owners, employees, and the local communities(Beauchamp et al, 2009,p.70). The rights of these groups must be ensured and, further, the group must participate, in some sense, in decisions that substantially affect their welfare (Beauchamp et al, 2009,p.70) Stakeholder fiduciary duty, management bears a fiduciary relationship to stakeholders and to the corporation as an abstract entity, which must act in the interests of the stakeholders as their agent, and it must act in the interests of the corporation to ensure the survival of the firm, safeguarding the long term stakes of each group(Beauchamp et al, 2009,p.70). As to shareholder theory, the act ions of the corporations comply with this theory, as corporations look for sources of income through securitization process. The cycle begin with institutions lending money to homeowner, then securitizing the assets and selling it to major U.S. financial institutions including many investment banks, and finally those investment sell it to investors (Beauchamp et al, 2009, p.66). This allow bank to earn extra income for sale, and generate a massive income (Beauchamp et al, 2009, p.66). By doing so, it comply with the shareholder theory, as it argue that businesses or businesspersons does not have any social responsibilities, other than to legally and honestly maximize profits of the firms, but this theory is best for short term (Beauchamp et al, 2009, p.67). Since the theory emphasize on best to maximize profit, banks lower their standards of lending, not thinking thoroughly the consequences, banks were able to lend more and to securitize more, which can generate more income (Beaucha mp et al, 2009, p.66). At first it was not a problem at all, as if borrower could not repay loan, bank could always foreclose mortgage and sell collateral (house) at a higher price, cause house price kept growing for years (Beauchamp et al, 2009, p.67). But as years past by, housing affordability fell, since supply is less then demand, to be able to equalize it, price need to be put up (Beauchamp et al, 2009, p.66). As housing price rose more than disposable income, more people were not up to meet the test of subprime, for that reason banks income would fall due to lower volume of loans (Beauchamp et al, 2009, p.67). But due to unrealistic expectations of asset growth in housing, housing prices start to fall and more and more people defaulted, so now there is more supply than demand (Beauchamp et al, 2009, p.67). To equalize this, price needs to be put down, soon as housing prices fall down, it marked the start of the global financial crisis. Fiduciary duty of a shareholder theor y is to maximize their income for their shareholder, and neglecting other factors (Beauchamp et al, 2009, p.67). But in stakeholder theory, the fiduciary duty is to act in the interest of the stakeholder and must act in the interest of the corporations to ensure survival of the firm, safeguarding long-term stakes of each group and it holds that managements fundamental obligation is not to maximize the firms financial success, but to ensure its survival by balancing the conflicting claims of multiple stakeholders (Beauchamp et al, 2009, p.67). It also view firms not as mechanism for increasing stockholders returns, rather as a vehicle managing stakeholder interests and sees management as having a fiduciary relationship not just to stockholders, but all stakeholders (Beauchamp et al, 2009, p.66). As a result, it guides management to give equal interest to all stakeholder, therefore in this normative form, stakeholder theory imply business have true social responsibilities (Beauchamp e t al, 2009, p.67). It also suggested, corporation should be managed for the benefit of its stakeholders: its customers, suppliers, owners, employees, and the local communities(Beauchamp et al, 2009,p.70). The rights of these groups must be ensured and, further, the group must participate, in some sense, in decisions that substantially affect their welfare (Beauchamp et al, 2009,p.69). As what the U.S. government does, it complies with this theory. U.S. government intervenes with this situation, to help stabilize the financial system, cause if not, the financial crisis could have a worsen affect and everyone would suffer more. The U.S. government intervenes through TARP (Troubled Asset Relief Program). Those funds in TARP were used to pump in $167 billion in 87 banks in exchange for preferred stock and warrants (US Treasury, 2008e). Then to AIG, $40 billion (US Treasury 2008,f) then Citibank, $45 billion in exchange for preferred stocks and warrants (Ericson et al., 2009). U.S. go vernment also took over mortgage lending giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac as the teetered near collapse (Kartnitschnig, M. et al, 2008). The U.S. government also offers setting up of Troubled Assets Insurance Financing Fund (TAIFF), to help financial institutions have a chance to purchase insurance from government to guarantee their troubled assets (Ghosh, S. Mohamed, S., 2010). By those actions, it could show that US government is complying with the stakeholder theory. As the US government intervenes with those funds, it shows an act in interest of the corporations to ensure survival of the firm, safeguarding long term stakes of each group, and holds that managements fundamental obligation not to maximize the firms financial success, but to ensure its survival by balancing the conflicting claims of multiple stakeholder (Kartnitschnig, M. et al, 2008). Although the fundamental obligation was not to maximize firms financial success, but there fiduciary duty also stated to act in the interest of shareholder, and shareholder does want returns on their investment. Therefore the U.S. lend the $85 billion to AIG, but in return to U.S. government, U.S. government would be entitled to 79.9 equity stakes in form of warrants and 2 year loan will have Libor + 8.5% interest rate (Kartnitschnig, M. et a, 2008). This show both short term and long term consequences of this government intervention generate a positive outcome, as for the short term, US government sustain those companies from bankruptcy, so it does not worsen the financial crisis, hurting more people in their financial situation. For the long term, the US government benefit from the interest rate that they get from those banks. But from bailouts, it could also bring negative short-term effects, such as higher taxes, bigger government and lower salaries (Taylor, M., 2007). As well as for long term, it could bring negative effects, such as government abandoning fiscal discipline, asset bubble or inflation could occur and commodities bubble driven by negative real interest rate (Peng, B.,2008). In conclusion, this essay has discussed about the global financial crisis that struck United States. It discussed the measures that US government took to protect these financial institutions, such as TARP or TAIFF. It also have discussed and related shareholder and stakeholder models of corporate social responsibility with the Global Financial Crisis, by justifying US government action from either of these models and analyzing the short and long term consequences of the government intervention, and the conclusion that the action that US government has taken for this current situation was best for society, as if US government have not taken those steps. It could have worsen the financial crisis and have a greater impact to others countries, just like a domino affects. Cause United States is a super power country, which have a lot of impacts to other countries in this world. By taking those s teps, it was best for this society. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "US Institutions in the Global Financial Crisis" essay for you Create order